Blood Pressure/Hypertension/ Lower Cholesterol

Ko WC. A newly isolated antispasmodic—butylidenephthalide Jpn J Pharmacol 1980 Feb;30(1):85-91

Le QT and Elliott WJ: Hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic effects of celery oil may be due to BuPh. Clin Res 1991;39:173A

Le QT and Elliott WJ: Dose-response relationship of blood pressure and serum cholesterol to 3-n-butylphthalide, a component of celery oil. Clin Res 1991;39:750A.

Matsumoto K, Kohno S, Ojima K, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, Watanabe H. Effects of methylenechloride-soluble fraction of Japanese angelica root extract, ligustilide and butylidenephthalide, on pentobarbital sleep in group-housed and socially isolated mice. Life Sci 1998;62(23):2073-82

Mimura Y, Kobayashi S, Naitoh T, Kimura I and Kimura M:The structure-activity relationship between synthetic butylidenephthalide derivatives regarding the competence and progression of inhibition in primary cultures proliferation of mouse aorta smooth muscle cells. Biol Pharm Bull 1995;18:1203-6

Momin RA, Nair MG. Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds from Apium graveolens Linn. seeds. Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. Phytomedicine. 2002 May;9(4):312-8.

Tsi D and Tan BKH: Cardiovascular pharmacology of 3-n-butylphthalide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Phytotherapy Research 1997;11:576-82.

Yakugaku Zasshi, Centrally acting muscle relaxant effect of phthalides, 1989 Jun;109(6):402-6

Zhang J, Peng X, Wei G, Su D. NBPA: a cerebral ischemic protective agent. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999 Oct;26(10):845-6

Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Effects of 3-n-butylphthalide on production of vasoactive substances by cerebral and aortic endothelial cells. Xu HL, Feng YP. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. AIM: Oct;20(10):929

Hypertension

Rad MS, Moohebati M, Mohajeri SA. Beneficial effects of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens), as a supplement, on anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial. 2022; Inflammopharmacology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36334223/

Rad MS, Moohebati M , Mohajeri SA . Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) seed extract on hypertension: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, clinical trial. 2022. hytother Res;36(7):2889-2907. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35624525/

Rad MS, Moohebati M , MohammadEbrahimi S et al. Safety evaluation and biochemical efficacy of celery seed extract (Apium Graveolens) capsules in hypertensive patients: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, clinical trial. 2022. Immopharmacology;30(5):1669-1684.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35536382/

Heart Attack/Stroke

Chen D, Yin Y, Shi J et al. DL-3-n-butylphthalide improves cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with large cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 2020. BMC Neurol. 26;20(1):212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32456617/

Chong ZZ and Feng YP: Effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on production of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rat brain during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1997;18:505-8.

Chong ZZ and Feng YP: dl-3-n-butylphthalide improves regional cerebral blood flow after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1999;20:509-12.

Chong ZZ and Feng YP: dl-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier damage after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1999; 20:696-700.

Junchao LV, Zhao D, Zhao G. Efficacy and safety of butylphthalide in secondary prevention of stroke: study protocol for a multicenter, real world trial based on Internet. 2022. BMC Neurol.; 22: 305. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9389750/" target="_blank

Lin JF and Feng YP: Effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on delayed neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia and intrasynaptosomes calcium in rats.Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1996;31:166-70.

Liu XG and Feng YP: Protective effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on ischemic neurological damage and abnormal behavior in rats subjected to focal ischemia.Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1995;30:896-903.

Momin RA, Nair MG. Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds from Apium graveolens Linn. seeds. Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. Phytomedicine. 2002 May; 9(4):312-8.

Tan Z, Zhao Y, Yan W et al. Efficacy and Safety of Adherence to dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Treatment in Patients With Non-disabling Minor Stroke and TIA—Analysis From a Nationwide, Multicenter Registry. Front. Neurol. 2021. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.720664/full" target="_blank

Wang S, Ma F, Huang L et al. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP): A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Ischemic Stroke. 2018. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets;17(5):338-347.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29895257/

Xu HL, Feng YP Inhibitory effects of chiral 3-n-butylphthalide on inflammation following focal ischemic brain injury in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000 May; 21(5):433-8

Yan CH, Feng YP and Zhang JT: Effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on regional cerebral blood flow in right middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1998; 19:117-20.

Yu SR, Gao NN, Li LL,Wang ZY, Chen Y and Wang WN:The protective effect of 3-butyl phthalide on rat brain cells. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1988;23:656-61.

Yakugaku Zasshi, Centrally acting muscle relaxant effect of phthalides, 1989 Jun;109(6):402-6

Zhang J, Peng X, Wei G, Su D. NBPA: a cerebral ischemic protective agent. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999 Oct; 26(10):845-6

Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Effects of 3-n-butylphthalide on production of vasoactive substances by cerebral and aortic endothelial cells.

Xu HL, Feng YP. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. AIM: Oct;20(10):929-33.

Acute Cerebral Infarction

Wang M, Feng Yu, Yuan Y et al. Use of l-3-n-Butylphthalide within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020. Volume 52, 102442. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229919311483

Zhang XL, Dong YT, Liu Yi et al. Effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide on serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels in acute cerebral infarction. Brain and Behaviour. 2019. Volume 9 (12). https://publons.com/publon/10.1002/brb3.1469

Arthritis/Gout

Hu D, Huang XX and Feng YP: Effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on purine metabolites in striatum extracellular fluid in four-vessel occlusion rats. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1996; 31:13-7

Soundararajan S and Daunter B: Ajvine: Pilot biomedical study for pain relief in rheumatic pain. School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 1991-92.

Venkat S, Soundararajan S, Daunter B and Madhusudhan S. Use of Ayurvedic medicine in the treatment of rheumatic illness. Department of Orthopaedics, Kovai Medical Center and Hospitals, Coimbatore, India, 1995.

Whitehouse M.W., Butters, DE, Clarke M L, Rainsford K D NSAID gastropathy: prevention by celery seed extracts in disease-stressed rats Inflammopharmacology, Vol 9, No 1,2, pp 201 -209 (2001)

Asthma

Matsuda H, Shimoda H, Yoshikawa M. Structure-requirements of isocoumarins, phthalides, and stilbenes from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium for inhibitory activity on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Bioorg Med Chem 1999 Jul; 7(7):1445-50

Momin RA, Nair MG. Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds from Apium graveolens Linn. seeds. Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. Phytomedicine. 2002 May;9(4):312-8.

Calming Effect/ Antispasmodic

Matsumoto K, Kohno S, Ojima K, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, Watanabe H. Effects of methylenechloride-soluble fraction of Japanese angelica root extract, ligustilide and butylidenephthalide, on pentobarbital sleep in group-housed and socially isolated mice. Life Sci 1998; 62(23):2073-82

Yakugaku Zasshi, Centrally acting muscle relaxant effect of phthalides, 1989 Jun;109(6):402-6

Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Effects of 3-n-butylphthalide on production of vasoactive substances by cerebral and aortic endothelial cells. Xu HL, Feng YP. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. AIM: Oct; 20(10):929-33.

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